{"id":5286,"date":"2021-02-15T14:56:15","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T14:56:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/alzheimer-patofizyolojisi-ve-tedavisine-genel-bakis\/"},"modified":"2021-02-15T14:56:15","modified_gmt":"2021-02-15T14:56:15","slug":"alzheimer-patofizyolojisi-ve-tedavisine-genel-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/alzheimer-patofizyolojisi-ve-tedavisine-genel-bakis\/","title":{"rendered":"Alzheimer patofizyolojisi ve tedavisine genel bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 demans\u0131n en yayg\u0131n nedenidir ve ya\u015fl\u0131larda y\u00fcksek mortaliteyle ili\u015fkilidir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya genelinde 47 milyon ki\u015fi bu hastal\u0131ktan muzdarip olup, 65 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc ki\u015filerin %13&#8217;\u00fc, 85 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc ki\u015filerin ise %45&#8217;i bu gruptad\u0131r. 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde her 33 saniyede bir ki\u015fiye bu hastal\u0131k tan\u0131s\u0131 konaca\u011f\u0131 ve toplam yeni vaka say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l bir milyon ki\u015fiye ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n patolojik \u00f6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<p>Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedeni tam olarak belirlenemese de amiloid kaskad\u0131 hipotezi bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ana nedeni gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Beyindeki amiloid beta proteinlerinin \u00fcretimi ve temizlenmesi aras\u0131ndaki dengesizli\u011fin ve bunun sonucunda sinaptik fonksiyonun bozulmas\u0131 ve n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n dejenerasyonunun ilerleyici ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan haf\u0131za bozuklu\u011funun ana nedeni oldu\u011funa ve konu\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, ki\u015fili\u011fi ve bili\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc etkiledi\u011fine inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu hipotez \u015eekil 1&#8217;de k\u0131saca g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Amiloid plaklar, amiloid \u00f6nc\u00fc proteini ad\u0131 verilen ana proteinden t\u00fcretilen amiloid beta proteinlerinin birikmesinden olu\u015fur [1]. \u00dc\u00e7 tip sekretaz enzimi (alfa, beta ve gama), amiloid \u00f6nc\u00fc proteinini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr bile\u015fenlere ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bu proteinin beta ve gama sekretaz enzimleri taraf\u0131ndan uygunsuz \u015fekilde par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen beta amiloid proteinleri olu\u015fur ve bunlar beyinde birikerek amiloid plaklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna, beyin toksisitesine ve h\u00fccre \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7ar. \u0130ntran\u00f6ronal i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f filamentler, tau proteinlerinin fosforile edilmi\u015f formunu i\u00e7eren filamentlerden olu\u015fur [2]. Tau proteinleri do\u011fal olarak fosfat molek\u00fclleri i\u00e7erir. Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu proteinler a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 fosforile olur ve bu durum onlar\u0131n birbirleri etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmesine ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen yumaklar olu\u015fmas\u0131na, bunun sonucunda da serebral kortekste makrofajlar\u0131n ve monon\u00fckleer h\u00fccrelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve beyin korteksindeki mikroglialar\u0131n aktivasyonuna yol a\u00e7ar. Bunu demans ve frontal-temporal korteks[3] atrofisi takip eder. \u015eekil 2 genel olarak bu patolojik s\u00fcreci g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f6ropatoloji uzmanlar\u0131 Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedeninin amiloid plaklar ve n\u00f6ronlar aras\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f lifler oldu\u011funa inansa da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da genel olarak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak ba\u015fka predispozan fakt\u00f6rler de vard\u0131r;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Baz\u0131 ailelerde, bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in genetik mekanizmalar tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olup, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda apolipoprotein E&#8217;nin e-4 alelinden [4] bahsedilebilmektedir. Apolipoprotein E, amiloid \u00f6nc\u00fc proteininin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 ve temizlenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynamakta olup, e-4 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu ana proteinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri temizleme konusunda gerekli yetene\u011fe sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda \u00fcretimin bozuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. ve v\u00fccutta beta proteinlerinin birikimi artar.<\/li>\n<li>Sinir iltihab\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir sonucu oldu\u011fu kadar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n nedeni olarak da \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Muhtemelen plaklar\u0131n ve i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f ipliklerin \u00fcretimi, bir dereceye kadar ya\u015flanman\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu iltihaplanma s\u00fcreciyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Plaklar\u0131n ve i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f ipliklerin \u00fcretimi iltihaba neden olur ve daha sonraki plaklar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu ve bili\u015fin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Curabitur lectus lacus, rutrum sit amet placerat et, bibendum nec mauris. Duis&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-blog-en"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Alzheimers-treatment-min-1.png",400,400,false],"list":["https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Alzheimers-treatment-min-1-400x348.png",400,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Alzheimers-treatment-min-1-300x300.png",300,300,true],"full":["https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Alzheimers-treatment-min-1.png",400,400,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5286"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5286\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfpharmaco.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}